Begin by skirting fleeces, removing vegetable matter and matted edges, then scour in warm water with mild soap to lift lanolin without shocking fibers. Decide between woolen (loft and warmth) or worsted (strength and sheen) preparations. Spin twists per inch that suit intended use, ply for balance, and wet-finish to relax the yarn. Swatch generously, block patiently, and document results. Each choice—temperature, twist, and wash—draws a different path from hillside to hand.
For slippers, seat pads, or acoustic panels, lay batts in alternating directions, add warm soapy water, and massage patiently until fibers lock. Plan for shrinkage—often twenty to thirty percent—and use resists to sculpt pockets or brims. Needle-felt details after wet fulling, then rinse and dry on forms to set geometry. Felt rewards rhythm more than force. In workshops, we have seen timid hands become sure as clouds gather, soften, and finally hold shape.
Color softly with walnut husks, onion skins, birch leaves, larch bark, or iron afterbaths for moody grays. Use alum responsibly, record water sources and pH, and test for lightfastness on window sills before committing. Some lichens are protected; harvest only where legal and ethical. Keep dye logs with temperatures, times, and weights. The most soulful palettes come from patience and notes, not secrets—tones that resonate with rock, timber, clouds, and lingering snowfields.